بررسی تجربی مشخصه های عملکردی انژکتور فشاری- پیچشی سوخت سنگین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش یک مدل از انژکتورهای فشاری- پیچشی طراحی و ساخته شده است. مشخصه های عملکردی انژکتور مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش به مطالعه تاثیر فشار و لزجت بر مشخصه‌های عملکردی انژکتور می‌پردازد. این موارد شامل دبی، ضریب تخلیه، طول شکست، زاویه مخروط، توزیع فضایی پاشش و میانگین قطر قطرات مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند و تغییرات آنها بصورت تابعی از عدد رینولدز و وبر انژکتور بیان شده است. از مازوت و آب که دارای اختلاف ویسکوزیته زیادی هستند به عنوان سیال عامل استفاده شده است. انجام تمامی آزمایش ها در شرایط استاندارد اتمسفریک می باشد. تصویربرداری از میدان پاشش با استفاده از روش عکس‌برداری سریع و از روش نوردهی پس زمینه استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که افزایش فشار باعث افزایش دبی می شود. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که با افزایش رینولدز، زاویه مخروطی در ابتدا افزایش می یابد و پس از آنکه جریان کاملا توسعه یافته شد زاویه پاشش ثابت باقی می‌ماند. برای مازوت از رینولدز 265 به بعد و برای آب از 104×7.5 به بعد زاویه پاشش ثابت است. همچنین نتایج نشان میدهد که طول شکست رفتار مشابه داشته و با افزایش وبر در ابتدا طول شکست کاهش یافته و بعد ثابت باقی می ماند. ابتدا با افزایش وبر برای مازوت تا 50 و برای آب تا 170 کاهش می یابد و با توسعه کامل جریان طول شکست ثابت می ماند. نتایج نشان می دهند ضریب تخلیه تنها به شکل هندسی انژکتور وابسته نبوده و به نوع سیال و رینولدز وابسته است. ضریب تخلیه با افزایش رینولدز برای مازوت تا 200 و برای آب تا 104× 5 افزایش یافته و سپس ثابت باقی می ماند. اندازه‌گیری توزیع فضایی عملکرد انژکتور را در جهت ایجاد اسپری به صورت یک مخروط توخالی تصدیق می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Experimental and Analytical Performance Features of a Pressure-Swirl Injector for Heavy Fuel Oil

نویسندگان [English]

  • hojat ghasemi
  • pouriya mikaniki
  • mohammad ali najafi
elm o sanAt
چکیده [English]

In this study, a compressive duplex injector was designed, fabricated, and its operational characteristics were investigated. Effects of pressure and viscosity on injector's operational characteristics (i.e., flow rate, discharge coefficient, break-up length, cone angel, spraying spatial distribution, and droplets' mean diameter) were presented as a function of injector's Reynolds and Weber numbers. Water and Mazut were employed as agent fluids due to their high viscosity differences. All experiments were carried out at atmospheric standard conditions. Picturing of spraying area was performed utilizing fast shooting, based on backlighting. The results showed increasing pressure would lead to raise in flow rate. Furthermore, raising Reynolds number leads to initial cone angel increase, then the spraying angel maintains constant as fully developed condition is dominated. The constant spraying angels are observed at Reynolds numbers above 265 and 7.5×104 for Mazut and water, respectively. Moreover, break-up lengths are decreased at the Weber numbers lower than 50 and 170 for Mazut and water respectively, followed by maintain constant as the flow pattern is developed. The results showed that discharge coefficient depends on Reynolds number and fluid material, in addition to injector's geometry. The discharge coefficient is increased, as the Reynolds numbers raise to 200 and 5×104 for Mazut and water, respectively. The spatial distribution measurements showed significant performance of the injector for creating a hollow cone spray.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Atomization
  • Spray
  • Pressure-Swirl Injector
  • Breakup Length
  • Mazut
  1. Garaniya, V.B. “Modeling of Heavy Fuel Oil Spray Combustion, Using Continuous Thermodynamics”, Ph.D Dissertation, Faculty of Maritime Engineering, University of Tasmania, 2009.
  2. Senecal, P.K., Schmidt, D.P., Nouar, I., Rutland, C.J., Reitz, R.D., and Corradini, M.L. “Modeling High-speed Viscous Liquid Sheet Atomization”, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1073-1097, 1999.
  3. Ibrahim, A. “Comprehensive Study of Internal Flow Field and Linear and Non-linear Instability of an Annular Liquid Sheet Emanating from an Atomizer”, Ph.D Dissertation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2006.
  4. Shirolkar, J., Coimbra, C., and McQuay, M.Q. “Fundamental Aspects of Modeling Turbulent Particle Dispersion in Dilute Flows”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 363-399, 1996.
  5. Ballester, J. and Dopazo, C. “Drop Size Measurements in Heavy Oil Sprays from Pressure-swirl Nozzles”, Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 377-408, 1996.
  6. Tagasaki, K., Tajima, H., Nakashima, M., and Ishida, H. “Combustion Characteristics of Trouble-making Bunker Fuel Oil”, Journal of MTZ Worldwide, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 18-20, 2002.
  7. Zhao, S., Xu, Z., Xu, C., and Chung, K.H. “Feedstock Characteristic Index and Critical Properties of Heavy Crudes and Petroleum Residua”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 233-242, 2004.
  8. Goldsworthy, L. “Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Residual Fuel Oil Combustion in the Context of Marine Diesel Engines”, International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 181-199, 2006.
  9. Mohammadi, H., Jabbarzadeh, P., Jabbarzadeh, M., and Shrevani-Tabar, M.T. “Numerical Investigation on The Hydrodynamics of the Internal Flow and Spray Behavior of Diesel Fuel in a Conical Nozzle Orifice with the Spiral Rifling Like Guides”, Fuel, Vol. 196, No. 1, pp. 419-430, 2017.
  10. Fink, C., Buchholz, B., Niendorf, M., and Harndorf, H. “Injection Spray Analyses from Medium Speed Engines Using Marine Fuels”; Proc. Int. Conf. Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, European, 2008.
  11. Hossainpour, S., and Binesh, A. “Investigation of Fuel Spray Atomization in a DI Heavy-duty Diesel Engine and Comparison of Various Spray Breakup Models”, Fuel, Vol. 88, No. 5, pp. 799-805, 2009.
  12. Kyriakides, N., Chryssakis, C., and Kaiktsis., L. “Development of a Computational Model for Heavy Fuel Oil for Marine Diesel Engine Applications”; Proc. Int. Conf. Multidimensional Engine Modeling, Detroit, USA, 2009.
  13. Park, J., Jang, J.H., and Park, S. “Effect of Fuel Temperature on Heavy Fuel Oil Spray Characteristics in a Common-rail Fuel Injection System for Marine Engines”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 580-589, 2015.
  14. Guo, M., Shimasaki, N., Nishida, K., Ogata, Y., and Wada, Y. “Experimental Study on Fuel Spray Characteristics under Atmospheric and Pressurized Cross-flow Conditions”, Fuel, Vol. 184, No. 1, pp. 846-855, 2016.
  15. Ghadimi, P., Nowruzi, H., Yousefifard, M., and Chekab, M.A.F. “A CFD Study on Spray Characteristics of Heavy Fuel Oil-based Microalgae Biodiesel Blends under Ultra-high Injection Pressures”, Meccanica, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 153-170, 2017.
  16. Bayvel, L. “Liquid Atomization”, CRC Press, Los Angeles, United States, 1993.
  17. Buchhave, P., Lading, L., and Wigley, G. “Optical Diagnostics for Flow Processes”, Springer Science & Business Media, California, United States, 2013.
  18. Rizk, N. and Lefebvre, A.H. “Internal Flow Characteristics of Simplex Swirl Atomizers”, J. of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 193-199, 1985.
  19. Dombrowski, N. and Hasson, D. “The Flow Characteristics of Swirl (Centrifugal) Spray Pressure Nozzles with Low Viscosity Liquids”, AIChE Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 604-611, 1969.
  20. Taylor, I.G. “The Boundary Layer in the Converging Nozzle of a Swirl Atomizer”, The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 129-139, 1950.
  21. Jones, A. “Factors Affecting the Performance of Large Swirl Pressure Jet Atomizers”, CEGB Laboratory, Vol. 52, No. 10, pp. 54-55, 1982.
  22. Ballester, J., and Dopazo, C. “Discharge Coefficient and Spray Angle Measurements for Small Pressure-swirl Nozzles”, Atomization and sprays, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 351-367, 1994.
  23. Cousin, J., Ren, W., and Nally, S. “Transient Flows in High Pressure Swirl Injectors”, SAE Technical Paper, Vol. 104, pp. 580-589, 1998.
  24. Giffen, E., and Muraszew, A. “The Atomisation of Liquid Fuels”, Chapman and Hall, Vol. 58, pp. 246-245, 1953.