بررسی عددی اثر افزودن نانو ذرات به روغن موتور بالگرد

شکیبا, علی; کرمی زرندی, عمران; واحدی, خداداد

بررسی عددی اثر افزودن نانو ذرات به روغن موتور بالگرد

نویسندگان

¹ دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² مرکز توسعه علوم و فناوری مهندسی سطح و خوردگی شرکت پشتیبانی و نوسازی بالگردهای ایران (پنها)

³ تهران-انتهای اتوبان شهید بابایی-دانشگاه جامع امام حسین (ع)

چکیده

در این مقاله عملکرد نانوذرات افزوده‌‌شده به روغن با هدف بهبود انتقال حرارت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در ابتدا، خصوصیات ترموفیزیکی روغن بالگرد (MIL-L-23699) با همکاری آزمایشگاه شیمی شرکت پشتیبانی و نوسازی بالگردهای ایران (پنها)، اندازه‌گیری شدند. سپس، با گرداوری سایر داده‌ها هندسه مسئله با نرم‌افزار گمبیت تولید و شبکه‌بندی شده و برای شبیه‌سازی جریان و انتقال حرارت به نرم‌افزار انسیس فلوئنت 2/17 انتقال داده شده است. از مدل تک‌فازی و روش حجم ‌محدود برای حل این مسئله استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان داد که با افزودن نانوذرات به روغن بالگرد خواص حرارتی، نظیر عدد ناسلت نسبت به روغن خالص به‌طور قابل توجهی بهبود می‌یابد و این درحالی است که بهبود فرایند انتقال حرارت برای نانوسیال طلا- روغن نسبت به نانوسیالات دیگر بیشتر می‌باشد. همچنین، مقایسه نتایج نشان داد، افزودن نانوذرات به روغن پایه سبب ایجاد تغییر فشار ناچیزی می‌شود، ولی در پمپاژ نانوسیال تاثیر خاصی ندارد. از طرفی نتایج نشان داد، با افزایش عدد رینولدز، عدد ناسلت و فشار استاتیکی افزایش و ضریب اصطکاک کاهش می‌یابد. همچنین، ملاحظه شد در یک رینولدز ثابت با افزایش دمای کاری، عدد ناسلت، ضریب اصطکاک و فشار استاتیکی کاهش و دمای بی‌بعد افزایش می‌یابد. بنابراین، افزودن نانوذرات به روغن بالگرد سبب بهبود خواص انتقال حرارت، خنک‌کاری بهتر موتور، کوچک‌سازی سیستم روان‌کاری موتور، توانایی تحمل بارگذاری‌های زیاد، توانایی پرواز در ارتفاعات بالاتر و در نهایت افزایش قدرت و بازدهی موتور خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.23223278.1397.7.1.5.9

عنوان مقاله [English]

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Adding Nanoparticles to Helicopter Motor Oil

نویسندگان [English]

ali shakiba ¹
omran karami zarandi ²
khodadad vahedi ³

¹ ferdosi mashhad

² -

³ emam hosein

چکیده [English]

In this paper, the effects of added nanoparticles to oil with the aim of improving heat transfer were investigated. At first, thermophysical characteristics of helicopter oil (MIL-L-23699) were measured by cooperation of chemical laboratory of Iran Helicopter Support and Renewal Company (PANHA). Then, by collecting other data, geometry of the problem was produced and gridded through the use of Gambit software and was transmitted to Ansys Fluent 17.2 for simulating the flow and heat transfer. The single-phase model and control volume technique have been used to solve this problem. The results reveal that by adding nanoparticles to helicopter oil, thermal properties, such as Nusselt number, considerably improve in comparison with pure oil. However, the improvement of heat transfer process for gold-oil nanofluid is more than the other nanofluids. Comparing the results also shows that adding nanoparticles to the base oil causes a slight pressure change, which has no special effect on nanofluid pumping. The results indicate that by increasing Reynolds number, Nusselt number and static pressure increase and friction coefficient decreases. It is also observed that in a constant Reynolds number, by increasing working temperature, Nusselt number, friction coefficient, and static pressure decrease and temperature increases. Therefore, adding nanoparticles to helicopter oil would lead to the improvement of heat transfer properties, better cooling of the size of engine, shrinking the engine lubrication system, the ability of tolerating high loads, the ability of flying at higher altitudes, and eventually the enhancement of power and efficiency of the engine.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Nanofluid
Heat Transfer
Lubrication
Helicopter Oil

مراجع

1. Saidur, R., Leong, K., and Mohammad, H. “A Review on Applications and Challenges of Nanofluids”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 1646-1668, 2011.

2. Choi, S.U. “Nanofluids: from Vision to Reality Through Research”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 131, No. 3, pp. 033106, 2009.

3. Maxwell, J.C. “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism”, Clarendon Press, London, England, 1881.

4. Hamilton, R. and Crosser, O. “Thermal Conductivity of Heterogeneous Two-Component Systems”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 187-191, 1962.

5. Wang, X., Xu, X. and Choi, S.U.S. “Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Fluid Mixture”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 474-480, 1999.

6. Lee, C.G., Hwang,Y.J., Choi, Y.M., Lee, Choi, J.K. C., and Oh, J.M.. “A Study on The Tribological Characteristics of Graphite Nano Lubricants”, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 85-90, 2009.

7. Vakili-Nezhaad, G. and Dorany, A. “Investigation of the Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Viscosity Index of Lube Oil Cuts”, Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol. 196, No. 9, pp. 997-1007, 2009.

8. Hwang, Y., Lee, C., Choi, Y., Cheong, S., Kim, D. Lee, K., Lee, J., and Kim, S. H. “Effect of the Size and Morphology of Particles Dispersed In Nano-Oil on Friction Performance Between Rotating Discs”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 2853-2857, 2011.

9. Ji, X., Chen, Y., Zhao, G., Wang, X., and Liu, W. “Tribological Properties of Caco3 Nanoparticles as an Additive in Lithium Grease”, Tribology Letters, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 113-119, 2011.

10. Liu, L., Fang, Z., Gu, A., and Guo, Z. “Lubrication Effect of the Paraffin Oil Filled with Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Bismaleimide Resin”, Tribology Letters, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 59-65, 2011.

11. Ma, S., Zheng, S., Cao, D., and Guo, H. “Anti-wear and Friction Performance of Zro₂ Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additive”, Particuology, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 468-472, 2010.

12.Peng, Y., Hu,Y., and Wang, H. “Tribological Behaviors of Surfactant-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Lubricant Additive in Water”, Tribology Letters, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 247-253, 2007.

13. Shen, M., Luo, J., Wen, S., and Yao, J. “Nano-Tribological Properties And Mechanisms of the Liquid Crystal as an Additive”, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 46, No. 14, pp. 1227-1232, 2001.

14. Wu, Y., Tsui, W., and Liu, T. “Experimental Analysis of Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oils with Nanoparticle Additives”, Wear, Vol. 262, No. 7, pp. 819-825, 2007.

15. Choi, C., Yoo, H., and Oh, J. “Preparation and Heat Transfer Properties of Nanoparticle-In-Transformer Oil Dispersions as Advanced Energy-Efficient Coolants”, Current Applied Physics, Vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 710-712, 2008.

16. Hwang, Y., Ahn, Y., Shin, H., Lee, C., Kim, G., Park, H., and Lee, J. “Investigation on Characteristics of Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Nanofluids”, Current Applied Physics, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 1068-1071, 2006.

17. Hwang, Y., Park, H., Lee, J., and Jung, W. “Thermal Conductivity and Lubrication Characteristics of Nanofluids”, Current Applied Physics, Vol. 6, pp. e67-e71, 2006.

18. Kim, D., Kwon, Y., Cho, Y., Li, C., Cheong, S., Hwang, Y., Lee, J., Hong, D., and Moon, S. “Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids Under Laminar and Turbulent Flow Conditions”, Current Applied Physics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. e119-e123, 2009.

19. Ruan, B. and Jacobi. A. M. “Ultrasonication Effects on Thermal and Rheological Properties of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions”, Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1-14, 2012.

20. Chen, L., Xie, H., Yu, W., and Li, Y. “Rheological Behaviors of Nanofluids Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube”, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 550-554, 2011.

21. Vasheghani, M., Marzbanrad, E., Zamani, C., Aminy, M., Raissi, B., Ebadzadeh, T., and Barzegar-Bafrooei, H. “Effect of Al2O3 Phases on Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Nanofluids In Engine Oil”, Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 1401-1405, 2011.

22. Harish, S., Ishikawa, K., Einarsson, E., Aikawa, S., Chiashi, S., Shiomi, J., and Maruyama, S. “Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Glycol with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Inclusions”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 55, No. 13, pp. 3885-3890, 2012.

23. Razi, P., Akhavan-Behabadi, M., and Saeedinia, M. “Pressure Drop And Thermal Characteristics of Cuo–Base Oil Nanofluid Laminar Flow in Flattened Tubes Under Constant Heat Flux”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, No. 7, pp. 964-971, 2011.

24. Ahmadi, H., Rashidi, A., Nouralishahi, A., and Mohtasebi, S.S. “Preparation and Thermal Properties of Oil-Based Nanofluid from Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Engine Oil As Nano-Lubricant”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 46, pp. 142-147, 2013.

25. Farzin, F., Heris, S. Z., Rahimi, S. “Laminar Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of TiO₂ Turbine Oil Nanofluid”, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 127-133, 2013.

26. Ghazvini, M., Akhavan-Behabadi, M., Rasouli, E., and Raisee, M. “Heat Transfer Properties of Nanodiamond–Engine Oil Nanofluid in Laminar Flow”, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 525-532, 2012.

27. Erich, F. “Thermophysical Properties of Materials”, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, New York, United States, 1967.

28. Grimvall, G. “Thermophysical Properties of Materials”, Elsevier, North-Holland, 1999.

29. Pak, B.C. and Cho, Y. I. “Hydrodynamic and Heat Transfer Study of Dispersed Fluids with Submicron Metallic Oxide Particles”, Experimental Heat Transfer an International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 151-170, 1998.

30. Xuan, Y. and Li, Q. “Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids”, Journal of Heat transfer, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 151-155, 2003.

31. He, Y., Jin, Y., Chen, H., Ding, Y., Cang, D., and Lu, H. “Heat Transfer and Flow Behaviour of Aqueous Suspensions of Tio₂ Nanoparticles (Nanofluids) Flowing Upward Through a Vertical Pipe”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 50, No. 11, pp. 2227-2281, 2007.

32. Xuan, Y. and Roetzel, W. “Conceptions for Heat Transfer Correlation of Nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, No. 19, pp. 3701-3707, 2000.